Kubatumiza ibikoresho, isuri ntikunze kubaho muruganda. Mubisanzwe bibaho mugihe cyo gutambuka no gufata abadandaza. Ibikoresho bidafite ubushobozi bwo gupakira byerekana ibiciro byubutaka bikabije. Hagati aho, gupakira bitujuje ubuziranenge biganisha ku bicuruzwa bihenze cyane. Kunanirwa kwa SIOC (Amato Muri Container) kubahiriza ibyemezo byoherejwe. Gupakira nabi nabyo bitera kwangiza ibicuruzwa mbere yo kugurisha.
Aka gatabo gatanga abashinzwe kugura no gutanga amasoko yubuyobozi bwizewe cyane. Uzamenya uburyo bwo kugenzura ibicuruzwa bitangwa neza. Tuzakwereka uburyo bwo kubara umusaruro utubutse neza. Turasesengura kandi ibikoresho byo muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru bikoreshwa neza hamwe na gasutamo.
Ntukibwire ko ibicuruzwa byoherejwe hanze byoherejwe bihagije. Ntibisanzwe kurokoka gukwirakwiza LTL (Nto-Kurenza-Ikamyo). Bikunze kunanirwa kugerageza umuyoboro. Abatumiza ibicuruzwa bagomba gutegekanya gutegekanya amagambo yo gupakira. Urinda marge yawe neza mugihe ugenzuye ibihinduka bifatika.
Ibyingenzi
Kurinda ingoma y'imbere ihagarikwa hamwe no kohereza ibintu kumubiri ntabwo biganirwaho; gutsindwa byemeza ibyangiritse.
Abacuruzi kubahiriza bisaba gukurikiza byimazeyo inkingi ihagaze; gusa pallet ya santimetero 1 gusa itera igihombo cya 32% mumbaraga zo guhagarika vertical.
Kunonosora ibintu byapakurura ibintu bisaba kuringaniza kubic hamwe nibirenge byihariye byimbere-umutwaro, hejuru-umutwaro, hamwe na Twin Tub Imashini zo gukaraba kugirango wirinde kugwa hasi.
Gukwirakwiza palletisation hamwe no gutangiza inyandiko byihutisha ibicuruzwa bya gasutamo ku byambu byinshi byinjira.
Imbere hamwe na Secondary Package Ibipimo byo Gukaraba Imashini
Kurinda Imbere (Sisitemu yo Guhagarika)
Kurinda ibice byimbere nicyo ushyira imbere. Igipimo Imashini imesa ishingiye kuri sisitemu yo guhagarika byoroshye. Sisitemu yemerera ingoma kuzunguruka neza mugihe gikoreshwa bisanzwe. Ariko, ugomba gufunga ingoma mugihe cyo gutwara. Ibikoresho byoherejwe ninganda (transit bolts) nibisabwa byanze bikunze. Bahagarika inteko iremereye. Hatariho ibi byuma, kunyeganyega gukabije biva mu nyanja no gutwara LTL bizasenya ihagarikwa. Ingoma izunguruka mu bwisanzure. Bizasenya insinga zimbere, zimenagura igituba, kandi zangize amasoko yo guhagarika.
Ukeneye kandi kwiyegurira kwinyeganyeza. Turagira inama ikomeye yo kwerekana EPS ibumbabumbwe (Yaguwe Polystirene) mumasezerano yawe. Ubundi, koresha ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije. Shira ibyo byuma hejuru no hejuru yikigice. Bakuramo neza ihungabana ryinshi mugihe cyo gukemura nabi.
Gupakira Byakabiri (Ikarita yo hanze)
Imbaraga za karito zo hanze zerekana niba ibyoherejwe bikomeza ububiko. Ugomba kugira inama abaguzi bawe kubipimo byihariye byimbaraga. Ongeraho Ikizamini cya Edge (ECT) na Mullen Burst Ikigereranyo ntarengwa kumasezerano yawe. Turasaba byibuze 200 lb yaturika imbaraga zo kwerekana ibikoresho. Ibipimo birinda ikarito gushwanyagurika munsi yumuvuduko uhagaze.
Omni-umuyoboro hamwe na e-ubucuruzi biteguye bisaba amahame yo hejuru. Ugomba gusobanukirwa na SIOC (Amato Muri Container). Abacuruzi bakomeye basaba ibikoresho binini byohereza mumakarito yinganda zabo kubaguzi. Ikarito igomba kwihanganira igeragezwa rikomeye rya ISTA. Niba binaniwe, ikigo cyuzuza kigomba gukoresha icyiciro cya kabiri-bokisi. Bazokwishura ibi bikoresho bihenze hamwe nigiciro c'umurimo bakugarukira nkugusubiza.
Amakosa asanzwe mugupakira kabiri
Kwemera ibisanzwe bisanzwe-urukuta rusobekeranye kubikoresho biremereye.
Kunanirwa kwerekana umwirondoro uhagaze kugirango ubone imbaraga nyinshi.
Gukoresha firime irambuye, ihagarika scan ya infragre kuri santere zikwirakwizwa.
Amategeko ya Palletisation: Kwirinda gutakaza igihombo no kugurisha ibicuruzwa
Inyangamugayo zubatswe & Stacking Dynamics
Palletisation ikwiye igena kubaho kurwego rwo hasi. Ibikoresho bya logistique byerekana intege nke zijyanye no gushyira amakarito. Ikarito ya santimetero 1 gusa irenga hejuru ya pallet itesha agaciro gupakira guhagarikwa guhagaritse imbaraga 32%. Abacuruzi babikurikiranira hafi. Bazahita basubiza amafaranga kuri pallets ageze hamwe na overhang ikomeye.
Ugomba kandi gutegeka 'Gutondekanya Inkingi ' hejuru yo gufatanya 'Kubika amatafari. ' Gutondekanya inkingi bihuza impande zubaka za buri karito. Inguni zifite uburemere bwinshi. Guhuza amatafari yuburyo busa nkaho butajegajega ariko bugahuza iyi mfuruka. Guhuza ibice 1-gusa gusa bitera igihombo cya 29% mumbaraga za karito. Ibi birashobora guhita byangirika kurwego rwo hasi kubikoresho byo murugo biremereye.
Gutondeka neza |
Gutakaza imbaraga zo gutakaza |
Ikintu Cyambere Cyibyago |
1-Inch Pallet Kurenga |
32% Igihombo |
Guhita uhonyora urwego rwo hasi mugihe cyo gutwara. |
1-Kudahuza |
29% Igihombo |
Gukwirakwiza umutwaro utaringaniye utera agasanduku. |
Kumara igihe kinini |
Kugera kuri 50% |
Ibikoresho bikonjesha bikurura ubuhehere kandi byoroshye. |
Icyitegererezo cyo Kubumba Amatafari |
~ 40-50% Igihombo |
Guhatira imbaho zo kuruhande kwihanganira uburemere aho kuba inguni. |
Pallet Ibisobanuro byinjira muri Amerika ya ruguru
Ibigo bikwirakwiza muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru bikora ku bipimo bifatika. Menyesha ibyo wohereje kuri 48 'x 40 ' Inzira 4 zinjira mubiti. Ibi bihuye na GMA (Uruganda rukora ibiribwa) ikoreshwa nabacuruzi bakomeye.
Buri palette ikomeye yimbaho igomba kubahiriza byimazeyo ISPM-15. Pallets igomba gukoreshwa nubushyuhe kandi bigaragara kashe. Kunanirwa kubahiriza biganisha kuri karantine ako kanya. Abayobozi b'ibyambu barashobora no kwanga no gusenya ibyoherejwe burundu.
Hanyuma, saba ibintu biremereye birebire kubaguzi bawe. Huza iki gipfunyika byibuze byibuze-inzira-ebyiri zidafatanye. Ibi bituma umutwaro uremereye uhindagurika mugihe gikamyo gikarishye.
Kubara Ibikoresho Bipakurura Ubwinshi bwubwoko
Kuringaniza ibiro hamwe nubunini ntarengwa
Ugomba kwagura umwanya utarenze imipaka yuburemere. Sobanura ubushobozi bukoreshwa kubikoresho bisanzwe bya ISO witonze. Igikoresho gisanzwe cya 20ft gifite metero kibe 33. Igikoresho cya 40ft gifite metero kibe 67. Igikoresho cya 40ft High Cube (HQ) cyagura ibi kuri metero kibe 76.
Ibikoresho binini muri rusange 'cube out ' mbere yuko bapima. 'Ibi bivuze ko buzuza umwanya wumubiri mbere yo gukubita igipimo ntarengwa cy’amategeko. Ariko rero, ugomba gukurikiza amategeko agenga kabiri. Ntugabanye gusa ingano ya kontineri nubunini bwikarito. Ugomba gushira muburebure bwa pallet nu mwanya wo gukuraho ibikorwa bya forklift.
Ibipimo byimashini byerekana umusaruro wawe wanyuma. Imashini zisanzwe-zipakurura hamwe nimashini zipakurura hejuru bisaba gupakira neza. Kubishyira kumpande zabo byangiza ibice byimbere kandi bitesha agaciro garanti. Tanga uburyo busobanutse bwo kubara muburyo bwo gukora uruganda.
Ibindi bishushanyo bisaba ingamba zitandukanye zo gupakira. Imashini ya Twin Tub Imashini iranga ubugari, urukiramende. Ibi bihindura ibipimo bisanzwe bya pallet ugereranije na kare imwe ya tub. Ibirenge byabo byurukiramende akenshi bisaba uburyo bwihariye bwo gupakira ibintu. Iboneza ryihariye bigira ingaruka zikomeye kubara muri 40ft ya HQ. Ugomba gushushanya ibipimo mubitegura 3D umutwaro mbere yo kurangiza ibicuruzwa.
Ibikoresho bisanzwe bipakurura ubushobozi bugereranya (40ft HQ)
Ibisanzwe Imbere-Umutwaro (kare): Yegeranye. Ibice 120 - 150 (Palletised, Double-Stacked).
Imbere-Imizigo (kare): Yegeranye. Ibice 200 - 240 (Palletised, Double-Stacked).
Impanga Zimpanga (Urukiramende): Yegeranye. Ibice 160 - 190 (Palletized, icyari cyihariye).
Gukemura & Ibimenyetso bya Ergonomic
Gukoresha intoki bisaba amabwiriza asobanutse neza. Kugaragaza ko amakarito arenga ibiro 55 agomba kwerekana ibimenyetso byerekana neza. Amakipe akeneye ibikoresho agomba kumenya neza aho yashyira amakamyo ya clamp. Ibice byoroheje bisaba imbaraga za ergonomique zintoki. Amatsinda yo gutanga ibirometero byanyuma yishingikiriza kuri ibyo byobo kugirango akoreshwe neza. Hatariho umwobo ushimangiwe, ikarito irira, kandi abakozi bata ibikoresho.
Ikwirakwizwa rya LTL ningaruka za FCL
Iterabwoba ryambukiranya imipaka
Kwimuka binini Imashini imesa ikoresheje imiyoboro ya LTL yo murugo itangiza ingaruka zikomeye. Birashobora guteza akaga kuruta ubwikorezi bwa mbere bwa FCL (Umuyoboro wuzuye). Mugihe cya FCL, ibicuruzwa bicara bipfunyitse kandi bikomeza kumara ibyumweru.
Imiyoboro ya LTL ikubiyemo guhora-docking. Forklifts yikoreza kandi ikuremo pallet imwe inshuro nyinshi ahantu hatandukanye. Buri kwimura bitangiza ingaruka. Amakamyo ya clamp akanda amakarito inshuro nyinshi. Ugomba gushushanya ibyo wapakiye kugirango ubeho kurokoka urugo rwo mu rugo, ntabwo ari urugendo rutuje gusa.
Ubucucike n'Icyiciro cy'imizigo
Ubucucike bwawe bwo gupakira bugena ibiciro byo kohereza. Urwego rw’igihugu rushinzwe gutwara ibicuruzwa (NMFC) rushyiraho ibyiciro by’imizigo bishingiye ku bucucike, guhagarara, gufata neza, no kuryozwa inshingano. Ibikoresho bipakira neza kandi neza, bigera ku kigereranyo cyiza. Gupakira neza bitanga urwego rwo hasi, rwiza rwo gutwara ibintu. Bituma kandi igabanuka ryibiciro byangiritse. Flimsy ipakira ihatira abatwara kwishyuza ibiciro biri hejuru kugirango bishyure inshingano zabo.
Imizigo idasanzwe
Ibigo bikwirakwiza bibitse hejuru kugirango ubike umwanya. Pallets zoherejwe mubucuruzi bwo kugurisha buri gihe zihura nimbaraga ebyiri. Pallet yo hepfo yimyenda yoroheje (ipima munsi yibiro 750) ihura numuvuduko mwinshi. Igomba gushyigikira muburyo byibura ibiro 1.5 byuburemere buremereye. Igomba kubigeraho nta guhindura amakarito. Niba amakarito yo hepfo aranyeganyega, igipande cyose gihagaritse kirasenyuka. Buri gihe ujye ugerageza gupakira ibyo bipimo bitwara imitwaro.
Gasutamo yo muri Amerika (CBP) Kwemeza no Kwamamaza
Guhuza Pallet-Kuri-Inyemezabuguzi (Gukora)
Fata ibyo upakira nkigikoresho cyingenzi cyo kubahiriza. Kwihuta kwa gasutamo biterwa cyane nuburyo upakira ibicuruzwa byawe. Abayobozi b'icyambu basuzugura ibikoresho bitunganijwe. Gukora moderi zitandukanye bisaba inyandiko zuzuye.
Ibirango bya pallet bigomba guhuza neza na fagitire yubucuruzi nurutonde rwabapakira. Niba umuyobozi wa CBP (gasutamo no kurinda imipaka) akurura pallet, ibimenyetso bigomba kuba bihuye neza nimpapuro zawe. Ibinyuranyo bitera ubugenzuzi bukomeye, buhenze cyane. Wishyura imirimo isabwa gupakurura, kugenzura, no kongera gupakira kontineri.
Igihugu Inkomoko Yerekana Ibisabwa
CBP yubahiriza inkomoko ikomeye iranga manda. Ikarito yose yo kugurisha igomba kwerekana Igihugu cyaturutse. Imashini ubwayo nayo igomba gutwara iki kimenyetso. Amategeko avuga ko ikimenyetso kigomba kuba cyumvikana, kidasibangana, kandi gihoraho. Igomba kugaragara ahantu hagaragara mucyongereza.
Ibimenyetso biyobya bitera gutinda cyane. Niba ikarito ivuga 'Yakozwe muri Amerika ' ariko igahisha 'Yakozwe mu Bushinwa ' mu icapiro rito, CBP izayishyira ahagaragara. Iri hohoterwa riganisha ku gufata ibyambu byihuse hamwe nuburyo buhenze bwo gusubiramo imbere mububiko bwahujwe.
Icyambu Cyuzuye
Ibyuma byinshi byuma byuma bikora kumuvuduko ntarengwa. Ibyambu nka Long Beach na Los Angeles bifashisha x-ray hamwe nubugenzuzi bwa forklift. Ibikoresho bidafite palletize 'byuzuye imitwaro ' bifite ibyago byinshi cyane. Gupakira igorofa bizigama umwanya ariko bisaba gupakurura intoki. Ibi bitanga amafaranga menshi yo gupakurura. Iyongera kandi cyane ibicuruzwa byangiritse mugihe cyo kugenzura gasutamo itunguranye. Turasaba cyane guhagarika imitwaro yambere yatumijwe hanze kugirango tugabanye izo ngaruka.
Umwanzuro
Gupakira byerekana impinduka zikomeye zamafaranga. Ntabwo ari ugupfunyika gusa. Gupakira nabi bikuraho imipaka yawe binyuze mu kwangiriza imizigo, kugurisha ibicuruzwa, no gutinda kwa gasutamo. Gupakira neza byihutisha amasoko yawe kandi bikarinda inyungu zawe.
Turagira inama abaguzi guhita basaba ibyo bapakira. Ongeraho ibintu byihariye bipakira BOM (Umushinga wibikoresho) mumasezerano yawe yo gukora. Tegeka amanota yihariye ya ECT. Shimangira byimazeyo 'nta kurenza ' ibisabwa pallet. Shyiramo ibyo bintu muburyo butaziguye mbere yo kohereza ibicuruzwa (PSI). Fata inganda zawe muburyo bwamafaranga kubitandukanya.
Intambwe yawe ikurikiraho ni kugenzura uwaguhaye ubu. Saba ibyemezo byabo bya ISTA guta-ibizamini mbere yo gushyira ibihe byawe bikurikiraho. Kugenzura imbere yimbere yo gufunga protocole. Gushyira mubikorwa uyu munsi birinda igihombo cyibarura ejo.
Ibibazo
Ikibazo: Nkeneye gupakira hasi cyangwa palletize imashini imesa imizigo yo mu nyanja?
Igisubizo: Palletizing igabanya ubushobozi bwa kontineri 10-15% ariko igabanya cyane ibiciro byo gupakurura imirimo, kwangirika kwa gasutamo, no kwangirika kwa LTL. Gupakira igorofa birasabwa gusa kububiko-bwuzuye ububiko aho amakamyo yihariye ya clamp aboneka.
Ikibazo: Bigenda bite iyo ibicuruzwa byoherejwe bidashyizweho nuruganda?
Igisubizo: Ingoma y'imbere izunguruka mubwisanzure mugihe cyo gutambuka. Ibi byanze bikunze byangiza igituba, amasoko yo guhagarikwa, hamwe ninsinga zimbere. Bivamo igipimo cyo kugera 100%. Buri gihe utegeke kohereza ibicuruzwa mumasezerano yawe.
Ikibazo: Ubwoko butandukanye bwimashini imesa zishobora kuvangwa mubintu bimwe?
Igisubizo: Yego, ariko bigora hagati ya gravit na stacking logic. Ibice biremereye bigomba kuguma kumurongo wo hasi. Byongeye kandi, urutonde rwabapakira rugomba kwerekana neza ibyateganijwe kugirango hirindwe gutinda gukabije mugihe cyo kugenzura gasutamo.
