Ga masu shigo da kayan aiki, da wuya yazawar gefe ke faruwa a masana'anta. Yawanci yana faruwa a lokacin balaguron balaguro da tsananin shayar da dillalai. Load ɗin kwantena mara inganci yana haɓaka farashin ku na ƙasa sosai. A halin yanzu, marufi mara inganci yana kaiwa kai tsaye zuwa cajin dillalai masu tsada. Rashin yarda da SIOC (Jirgin Ruwa A cikin Kwantena) yana ba da tabbacin jigilar kayayyaki da aka ƙi. Marufi mara kyau kuma yana haifar da lalacewar samfura da bala'i kafin tantuna.
Wannan jagorar tana ba manajojin saye da daraktocin sarkar samarwa ingantaccen tsarin aiki abin dogaro sosai. Za ku koyi yadda ake duba fakitin masu kaya yadda ya kamata. Za mu nuna muku yadda ake ƙididdige yawan adadin kwantena. Muna kuma bincika ƙaƙƙarfan ƙa'idodi da ƙa'idodi na Arewacin Amurka.
Kar a ɗauka cewa tsohuwar marufi na fitarwa na masana'anta ya wadatar. Yana da wuya ya tsira daga tsattsauran rabe-raben LTL (Kasan-Than-Truckload). Yakan gaza yin gwajin dillalin tashoshi na omni. Dole ne masu shigo da kaya su fayyace sharuddan marufi a hankali. Kuna kare iyakar ku mafi kyau lokacin da kuke sarrafa waɗannan masu canji na zahiri kai tsaye.
Key Takeaways
Tabbatar da dakatarwar ganga na ciki tare da ƙusoshin jigilar kaya na zahiri ba abin tattaunawa ba ne; gazawar tana bada garantin lalacewa ta hanyar wucewa.
Yarda da dillalai na buƙatar tsayayyen riko ga tarawar ginshiƙi na tsaye; 1-inch pallet overhang kawai yana haifar da asarar 32% a cikin ƙarfin matsawa a tsaye.
Haɓaka adadi mai yawa na kwantena yana buƙatar daidaita ƙarar cubic tare da takamaiman sawun gaba, kaya mai nauyi, da Injin Wanki na Twin Tub don hana rushewar bene.
Ƙimar pallet ɗin da ta dace da takaddun haɗawa kai tsaye suna haɓaka izinin kwastan kai tsaye a tashar shiga mai girma.
Matsayin Marufi na Ciki da Sakandare don Injin Wanki
Kariyar Cikin Gida (Tsarin dakatarwa)
Kare abubuwan ciki shine fifikonku na farko. A misali Injin wanki ya dogara da tsarin dakatarwa. Wannan tsarin yana ba da damar ganga don jujjuya sumul yayin amfani da kullun. Koyaya, dole ne ku kulle wannan ganga yayin jigilar kaya. Wuraren jigilar kaya da masana'anta suka shigar (kullun wucewa) cikakken buƙatu ne na wajibi. Suna hana taron ganga mai nauyi. Idan ba tare da waɗannan kusoshi ba, girgizar girgizar ruwa mai ƙarfi daga teku da jigilar LTL za su lalata dakatarwar. Ganga za ta yi kaɗawa da yardar rai. Zai murkushe wayoyi na ciki, ya farfasa baho, ya lalata maɓuɓɓugan da aka dakatar.
Hakanan kuna buƙatar keɓancewar jijjiga. Muna ba da shawara mai ƙarfi wajen ƙayyade EPS (Expanded Polystyrene) a cikin kwangilolin ku. A madadin, yi amfani da ɓangaren litattafan almara na yanayin yanayi. Sanya waɗannan masu dampene a saman da gindin rukunin. Suna ɗaukar girgiza kai tsaye yadda ya kamata yayin mugun aiki.
Kunshin Sakandare (Katin Waje)
Ƙarfin kwali na waje yana nuna ko jigilar kaya ta tsira daga sito. Dole ne ku shawarci masu samar da ku akan takamaiman ma'aunin ƙarfin kayan aiki. Ƙara Test Crush Test (ECT) da Mullen Burst Test zuwa ga yarjejeniyar masu kawo kaya. Muna ba da shawarar mafi ƙarancin fashewa lb 200 don nunin kayan aikin da aka sanya. Wannan ma'auni yana hana katon yage ƙarƙashin matsi na tsaye.
Tashar Omni da shirye-shiryen kasuwancin e-commerce suna buƙatar ma'auni mafi girma. Dole ne ku fahimci ma'aunin SIOC (Ships In Own Container). Manyan dillalai suna buƙatar manyan na'urori don jigilar kaya a cikin katunan masana'anta kai tsaye ga masu amfani. Katin dole ne ya yi tsayin daka da gwajin juzu'i na ISTA. Idan ya gaza, dole ne cibiyar cikawa ta yi amfani da damben-ba-ba-da-ba-ba-bamai na sakandare. Za su dawo muku da wannan kayan tsada da tsadar aiki a matsayin dawowar caji.
Kuskure na yau da kullun a cikin Marufi na Sakandare
Karɓar daidaitattun akwatunan bango guda ɗaya don kayan aiki masu nauyi.
Rashin ƙayyadadden yanayin juwa a tsaye don iyakar ƙarfin tari.
Yin amfani da fim ɗin shimfiɗa mai baƙar fata, wanda ke rushe binciken infrared a cibiyoyin rarrabawar atomatik.
Dokokin Palletization: Hana Rashin Matsi da Cajin Kasuwanci
Tsari Tsari & Tsarukan Tsari
Gyaran pallet ɗin da ya dace yana ƙayyadadden rayuwa na matakin ƙasa. Bayanan injiniyan dabaru yana nuna babban lahani game da sanya kwali. Carton inch 1 kawai ya mamaye gefen pallet yana lalata marufi a tsaye ƙarfin matsawa da kashi 32%. Dillalai suna saka idanu sosai akan wannan. Za su ba da cajin gaggawa nan take don pallets da suka zo tare da wuce gona da iri.
Dole ne ku kuma ba da umarni 'Tari-Tari-Shafi' kan haɗakarwa 'Brick Stacking.' Stacking na ginshiƙi yana daidaita sasanninta na kowane kwali daidai. Kusurwoyin suna ɗaukar mafi nauyi. Siffofin tubali masu tsaka-tsaki da alama suna da ƙarfi amma suna daidaita wannan daidaitawar kusurwa. Matsakaicin madaidaicin inch 1 kawai yana haifar da asarar 29% a ƙarfin kwali. Wannan kai tsaye yana haifar da rugujewar ƙasa don manyan kayan aikin gida.
Lalacewar Tari
Rashin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Matsi
Factor Risk na Farko
1-inch Pallet overhang
32% Asara
Nan da nan murkushe ƙananan matakai yayin jigilar kaya.
1-Inch Misalignment
29% Asara
Rarraba kaya mara daidaituwa yana haifar da takun saka.
Tsawaita Babban Humidity
Har zuwa 50% Asara
Kayan da aka lalata yana sha danshi kuma yana laushi.
Tsarin Tuba Brick
~40-50% Asara
Ƙaddamar da bangarorin gefe don ɗaukar nauyi maimakon sasanninta.
Ƙimar Pallet don Shigo da Arewacin Amurka
Cibiyoyin rarrabawa na Arewacin Amurka suna aiki akan tsauraran matakan girma. Daidaita jigilar kayayyaki akan 48' x 40' 48 'x 40' ginshiƙan katako na shigarwa. Wannan yayi daidai da ƙa'idar GMA (Ƙungiyar Masu Kayayyakin Kayayyaki) waɗanda manyan dillalai ke amfani da su.
Kowane katako mai ƙarfi dole ne ya bi ƙa'idodin ISPM-15 sosai. Dole ne a kula da pallets da zafi kuma a buga hatimi a bayyane. Rashin yin biyayya yana haifar da keɓewar kwastan nan take. Hukumomin tashar jiragen ruwa na iya ma ƙi su lalata jigilar kayayyaki gaba ɗaya.
A ƙarshe, buƙatar kunsa mai nauyi mai nauyi daga masu samar da ku. Haɗa wannan kunsa tare da ƙaramar madauri mara ƙarfe ta hanya biyu. Wannan yana kiyaye nauyi mai nauyi akan motsi mai ƙarfi yayin jujjuyawar manyan motoci masu kaifi.
Ƙididdiga Adadin Kwantena ta Nau'in Wanki
Daidaita Nauyi vs. Ƙimar Ƙarar
Dole ne ku ƙara girman sarari ba tare da keta iyakokin nauyi ba. Ƙayyade ƙarfin cubic mai amfani na daidaitattun kwantena na ISO a hankali. Madaidaicin kwantena 20ft yana ɗaukar kusan mita 33 cubic. Kwantena mai tsayin ƙafa 40 yana ɗaukar kimanin mita 67 cubic. Akwatin Babban Cube (HQ) mai tsayi 40ft yana faɗaɗa wannan zuwa mita cubic 76.
Manyan na'urori gabaɗaya 'cube out' kafin su yi nauyi.' Wannan yana nufin sun cika sararin samaniya tun kafin a buga iyakar iyakar nauyi na doka. Koyaya, dole ne ku yi amfani da ƙa'idodi masu tsauri guda biyu. Kada a raba ƙarar akwati kawai da ƙarar kwali. Dole ne ku ƙididdige tsayin palette da sarari don aikin forklift.
Bambancin Factor Factor & Ƙididdigan Haɓakawa
Girman na'ura yana ba da bayanin yawan gandun dajin ku na ƙarshe. Daidaitaccen kayan gaban gaba da na'urori masu ɗaukar nauyi suna buƙatar ɗaukar nauyi madaidaiciya. Sanya su a ɓangarorinsu yana lalata abubuwan ciki kuma yana lalata garanti. Bayar da fayyace dabarar lissafin tsari ga ƙungiyoyin ɗorawa na masana'anta.
Madadin ƙira na buƙatar dabarun lodi daban-daban. Injin Wanki na Twin Tub suna da fa'ida mai girma, masu girma dabam. Wannan yana canza daidaitattun jeri na pallet idan aka kwatanta da raka'a guda-babu mai murabba'i ɗaya. Sawun su na rectangular sau da yawa yana buƙatar ƙayyadaddun tsarin lodi na gida. Wannan ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙidayar naúrar a cikin kwandon HQ 40ft. Dole ne ku yi taswirar waɗannan ma'auni a cikin mai tsara kaya na 3D kafin kammala umarni.
Ƙididdiga Na Musamman Load ɗin Kwantena (HQ 40ft)
Standard Load na gaba (Square): Kimanin. 120 - 150 raka'a (Palletized, Biyu Stacked).
Gudanar da hannu yana buƙatar bayyanannun umarnin gani. Ƙayyade cewa kwalayen da suka wuce 55 lbs dole ne su ƙunshi bayyanannun alamomin sarrafa cokali mai yatsu. Ƙungiyoyin logistics suna buƙatar sanin ainihin inda za su sanya manyan motocin dakon su. Ƙananan ramuka masu sauƙi suna buƙatar ƙarfafa ramukan ergonomic na hannu. Ƙungiyoyin isar da nisan mil na ƙarshe sun dogara da waɗannan ramukan don amintaccen sarrafa hannu. Ba tare da an ƙarfafa ramuka ba, kwali yana hawaye, kuma ma'aikata sun zubar da kayan.
Hatsarin Rarraba LTL vs. FCL Shigowa
Barazana Docking
Motsawa babba Injin wanki ta hanyar cibiyoyin sadarwar LTL na gida suna gabatar da haɗari masu haɗari. Ya fi haɗari fiye da farkon FCL (Cikakken Load ɗin Kwantena) jigilar teku. A cikin yanayin FCL, kayayyaki suna zaune cushe kuma suna kasancewa ba a taɓa su ba har tsawon makonni.
Cibiyoyin sadarwar LTL sun ƙunshi ƙetare-tsaye akai-akai. Forklifts yana lodi da sauke pallet iri ɗaya sau da yawa a kan cibiyoyi daban-daban. Kowane canja wuri yana gabatar da haɗarin tasiri. Motocin damfara suna matse kwali akai-akai. Dole ne ku tsara marufin ku musamman don tsira daga wannan mugunyar gudun hijirar cikin gida, ba kawai balaguron teku ba.
Maɗaukaki da Ajin Mota
Yawan marufin ku yana ƙayyade farashin jigilar kaya. Rarraba Motar Motoci ta ƙasa (NMFC) tana ba da azuzuwan jigilar kaya bisa la'akari da yawa, tsayawa, sarrafawa, da abin alhaki. Na'urori suna tattarawa tam da amintacce, suna samun ingantacciyar ƙima. Mafi kyawun marufi yana haifar da ƙasa, mafi kyawun nau'in jigilar kaya. Hakanan yana haifar da ƙananan ƙimar da'awar lalacewa. Marufi masu ƙarfi suna tilasta masu ɗaukar kaya don cajin farashi mafi girma don daidaita abin da ke kansu.
Ƙaunar Ƙaƙwalwar Ƙaƙwalwa
Cibiyoyin rarrabawa suna tattara kaya mai tsayi don adana sarari. Pallets ɗin da aka aika zuwa cibiyoyin rarraba dillalai akai-akai suna fuskantar matsananciyar tari sau biyu. Ƙashin ƙasa na ƙaramin wanki mai nauyi (mai nauyi ƙasa da 750 lbs) yana fuskantar babban matsi. Dole ne ya goyi bayan tsari aƙalla lbs 1,500 na nauyi da aka ɗorawa. Dole ne ta cimma hakan ba tare da nakasar kwali ba. Idan akwatunan ƙasa sun dunƙule, dukan tari na tsaye ya rushe. Koyaushe gwada marufin ku akan waɗannan ƙa'idodi masu ɗaukar nauyi.
Kwastam na Amurka (CBP) Tsare-tsare da Amincewa da Alamar
Daidaita-zuwa daftari (Commingling)
Ɗauki marufin ku azaman kayan aiki mai mahimmanci. Gudun binciken kwastan ya dogara sosai kan yadda kuke tattara kayanku. Jami'an tashar jiragen ruwa sun raina kwantena marasa tsari. Haɗa samfura daban-daban na buƙatar takamaiman takardu.
Alamomin pallet ɗinku dole ne su dace daidai da daftarin kasuwanci da lissafin tattarawa. Idan jami'in CBP (Customs and Border Protection) jami'in ya ja palette, dole ne alamomin suyi daidai da takardunku. Bambance-bambancen yana haifar da ingantattun dubawar hannu mai tsada sosai. Kuna biyan kuɗin aikin da ake buƙata don saukewa, dubawa, da sake loda akwati.
Bukatun Alamar Ƙasar Asalin
CBP yana aiwatar da ƙaƙƙarfan umarnin sanya alamar asali. Dole ne kowane kartanin dillali ya ƙunshi alamar ƙasar Asalin. Ita kanta injin dole ne ta ɗauki wannan alamar. Doka ta ce alamar dole ne ta kasance mai iya karantawa, mara gogewa, kuma ta dindindin. Dole ne ya bayyana a fili a cikin Ingilishi.
Alamar yaudara tana haifar da tsaiko mai yawa. Idan katon ya ce 'An tsara shi a Amurka' amma ya ɓoye 'Made in China' a cikin ɗan ƙaramin bugu, CBP zai tuta shi. Waɗannan ƙetaren suna haifar da kama tashar jiragen ruwa nan take da tsarin gyara tsada a cikin ɗakunan ajiya masu alaƙa.
Haqiqanin Tashin Hankali
Tashoshin na'urori masu girma dabam suna aiki a matsakaicin gudu. Tashar jiragen ruwa kamar Long Beach da Los Angeles suna amfani da x-ray mai tsauri da bincikar forklift. Akwatunan da ba a rufe su ba suna fuskantar haɗari sosai. Load da bene yana adana sarari amma yana buƙatar saukewa da hannu. Wannan yana haifar da manyan kuɗaɗen saukewa. Har ila yau, yana ƙaruwa da ɓarnawar samfura yayin binciken kwastan da ba zato ba tsammani. Muna ba da shawarar mai da hankali kan kashe duk kayan da aka shigo da su na farko don rage waɗannan haɗari.
Kammalawa
Marufi yana wakiltar matsananciyar canjin kuɗi. Ba kawai abin rufe fuska ba ne. Marufi mara kyau yana zubar da giginku ta hanyar lalacewar kaya, cajin dillalai, da jinkirin kwastam. Marufi mai ƙarfi yana haɓaka sarkar samar da kayan aiki kuma yana kare ribar ku ta ƙasa.
Muna ba da shawara ga masu siye da su tsara buƙatun buƙatun su nan da nan. Ƙara takamaiman marufi BOMs (Bill of Materials) zuwa kwangilar masana'anta. Ƙaddamar takamaiman ƙimar ECT. Ƙaddamar da tsauraran buƙatun pallet 'babu overhang' Haɗa waɗannan abubuwan kai tsaye cikin jerin abubuwan dubawa na Pre-Shipment Inspection (PSI). Riƙe masana'antun ku da kuɗin kuɗi don karkatar da marufi.
Mataki na gaba na kai tsaye shine duba mai kawo kaya na yanzu. Nemi takaddun shaida na gwajin ISTA kafin sanya oda mafi girma na gaba na gaba. Tabbatar da ka'idojin kulle dakatarwar su na ciki. Ƙaddamar da aiwatarwa a yau yana hana asara mai bala'i gobe.
FAQ
Tambaya: Shin ina buƙatar ɗaukar ƙasa ko palletize injin wanki don jigilar teku?
A: Palletizing yana rage karfin kwantena da kashi 10-15% amma yana rage yawan sauke farashin aiki, lalacewar binciken kwastam, da lalacewar hanyar wucewa ta LTL. Ana ba da shawarar yin lodin ƙasa ne kawai don yawan kai-tsaye zuwa shago inda ake samun manyan motocin ɗaki na musamman.
Tambaya: Menene ya faru idan masana'anta ba su shigar da kusoshi na jigilar kaya ba?
A: Drum na ciki zai yi lilo da yardar kaina yayin tafiya. Wannan babu makawa yana lalata baho, maɓuɓɓugan dakatarwa, da wayoyi na ciki. Yana haifar da ƙarancin isowa 100%. Koyaushe ka ba da umarni na jigilar kaya a cikin kwangilolin mai kaya.
Tambaya: Shin ana iya haɗa nau'ikan injin wanki daban-daban a cikin akwati ɗaya?
A: Ee, amma yana rikitar da tsakiyar nauyi da dabaru. Dole ne raka'a masu nauyi su kasance a matakin ƙasa. Bugu da ƙari, dole ne jerin abubuwan tattarawa su rubuta ƙayyadaddun tsarin da aka haɗa don hana jinkiri mai tsanani yayin binciken kwastan.
